Ending Oil Subsidies, Taxing the Rich Could Help Free Up $5 Trillion a Year for Climate: Report

Research published Tuesday estimates that rich countries could mobilize over $5 trillion a year for climate action worldwide by cutting off subsidies to the oil and gas industry, imposing a levy on big polluters, and cracking down on tax evasion by large corporations and the rich.

The new report from Oil Change International (OCI) was released as world leaders gathered in New York City for high-level United Nations General Assembly talks, a meeting that comes less than two months before the COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan.

OCI's research, which includes a fact sheet outlining various proposals to raise funds for climate action, stresses that "there is no shortage of public money available for rich countries to pay their fair share on fair terms for climate action at home and abroad."

"The urgency and extent of growing economic inequality, unfair sovereign debt crises, climate disasters, and fossil fuel profits have created significant momentum towards many of these measures in international and domestic policy spheres," OCI's research brief notes. "Finance has been in the spotlight in most major international political fora in the past few years in recognition that our current financial architecture is a major driver of these overlapping crises."

Among the proposals laid out in OCI's brief are an equitable end to "public finance, direct subsidies, and state-owned company investments in fossil fuels," which could raise $846 billion a year globally; a "climate damages tax" on fossil fuel extraction, which could raise $618 billion a year; a 25% minimum corporate tax rate, which could raise $479 billion annually; and a wealth tax on billionaires, which could raise roughly $2.60 trillion a year in the Global North and over $5.6 trillion worldwide.

Laurie van der Burg, OCI's public finance lead, said that the rich nations most responsible for the climate emergency "owe this money to Global South countries that have not caused this crisis and need fair finance to deliver strong climate plans next year that phase out fossil fuels."

"This is essential to avoid climate breakdown and save lives," she added.

The COP29 climate summit will take place a year after nations agreed at COP28 to transition "away from fossil fuels in energy systems" in a "just, orderly, and equitable manner."

The success of that pledge, OCI said, depends on rich nations contributing massively to global climate finance after years of falling short of their pledges and continuing to expand fossil fuel extraction and handouts. Worldwide, environmentally harmful subsidies—including fossil fuel subsidies—have surged to $2.6 trillion a year, according to a report released last week.

"Global North countries have a responsibility to redirect their share of these subsidies in support of climate action," OCI said Tuesday.

The new report comes on the heels of a record-hot summer and amid devastating extreme weather, from massive flooding across Europe and Africa to wildfires in South America.

Andreas Sieber, associate director of policy and campaigns at 350.org, said Tuesday that "the real question isn't whether we can afford to act, but whether we can afford not to."

"It is a bitter irony that rich nations hide behind claims of fiscal restraint, yet trillions are still spent on fossil fuel subsidies and militarization," said Sieber. "The truth is simple: the money exists, but the political will does not. By treating climate finance as a zero-sum game, wealthy countries not only deepen global inequality but also undermine their own futures."

"The energy transition isn't charity—it's an investment in global stability and security," Sieber added. "Ignoring the need for support only worsens the climate crisis, which knows no borders."