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chemicals
We All Live in Bhopal Now
The petrochemical industry has brought us together in a perverse solidarity, having chemically trespassed into places all over the world.
Dec 22, 2024
Forty years ago this month, a Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India sprung a toxic gas leak, exposing half a million people to toxic fumes. Thousands of people lost their lives in the immediate aftermath, with the death toll climbing to more than 20,000 over the next two decades. Countless others, including children of survivors, continue to endure chronic health issues.
In the United States, the events in Bhopal ignited a grassroots movement to expose and address the toxic chemicals in our water, air, and neighborhoods. In 1986, just two years after the disaster, this growing awareness led Congress to pass the first National Right to Know Act, which requires companies to publicly disclose their use of many toxic chemicals.
In India, Bhopal victims have had a long struggle for justice. In 1989, survivors flew to a Union Carbide shareholders meeting in Houston to protest the inadequate compensation for the trauma they’d suffered. The settlement awarded each Bhopal victim was a mere $500—which a spokesperson for Dow Chemical, Union Carbide’s parent company, called “plenty good for an Indian.”
We can take inspiration from the people of Bhopal, whose fierce commitment to health and justice sparked a global movement.
Union Carbide had the survivors arrested before they could enter the meeting. Meanwhile, their abandoned chemical factory was still leaking toxic chemicals into the surrounding neighborhoods and drinking water.
Nevertheless, Bhopal survivors never stopped fighting. They opened a free clinic to treat the intergenerational health effects caused by the disaster. They marched 500 miles between Bhopal and New Delhi. They staged hunger strikes. They created memorials to the disaster and established a museum to ensure that the horrors of their collective past are not forgotten.
The survivors even obtained an extradition order for Union Carbide’s former CEO, Warren Anderson, but the U.S. government never acted on that request. Forty years later, the factory in Bhopal has never been properly cleaned and is still leaking poison.
Unfortunately, the kinds of chemicals that flow through the veins of Bhopal survivors also flow through ours. The petrochemical industry has brought us together in a perverse solidarity, having chemically trespassed into places all over the world.
According to one figure, Americans are exposed to dangerous chemical fires, leaks, and explosions about once every two days. In one dramatic example in early 2023, a rail tanker filled with vinyl chloride derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, forcing the evacuation of 2,000 residents.
Nearly all Americans now carry toxic substances known as PFAS in our bodies. These have been linked to cancer, liver and kidney disease, and immune dysfunction. And the continued burning of fossil fuels is killing millions of people each year around the world through air pollution.
Petrochemical and fossil fuel companies know they can only survive if they avoid liability for the damage they are doing to our health and the planet’s ecosystems. That’s why they are heavily invested in lobbying to prevent any such accountability.
Polluting industries are certain to have strong allies in the coming Trump administration, which plans to open even more land to fossil fuel production and, under the blueprint for conservative governance known as Project 2025, to slash environmental and public health regulations. But we can take inspiration from the people of Bhopal, whose fierce commitment to health and justice sparked a global movement.
Earlier this month, on the 40th anniversary of the Bhopal disaster, congressional allies of this movement including U.S. Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.) and U.S. Reps. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.) and Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.), introduced a resolution designating December 3 as National Chemical Disaster Awareness Day.
“Chemical disasters are often the result of corporations cutting corners and prioritizing profits over safety,” said Merkley, who chairs the U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works subcommittee. “These catastrophes cloud communities with toxic fumes, upending lives and threatening the health and property of those living and working close by.” He called for “stronger laws to prevent chemical disasters and keep our communities and workers safe.”
This growing global alliance, which has been called the largest movement for environmental health and justice in history, is fighting for a future in which everyone has the right to live in a healthy environment. It’s a movement that unites us all. Because in many ways, we all live in Bhopal now.
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Beware the Toxic Chemicals at Dollar Stores
The nation’s largest dollar stores continually fail to meaningfully strengthen their chemical policies and intervene in their supply chains to keep their shoppers safe.
Dec 03, 2024
When shopping for the holidays, most people reasonably assume that products sold in major American retail stores are free of toxic chemicals. After all, harmful substances like lead and mercury have no place in the shopping cart, and regulations must prevent this kind of dangerous exposure, right?
Unfortunately, this is not the case. A recent study revealed that over half of the items tested on dollar stores’ shelves contained toxic chemicals. This includes lead foundin tablecloths, jewelry, and baby toys with known links to brain development harm; phthalates in school supplies, silly straws, and bath toys with links to early puberty in girls, birth defects in the male reproductive system, obesity, and diabetes; BPA in receipts, cookware, and can linings that can affect the brain and prostate gland of fetuses, infants, and children; and PFAS—long-lasting synthetic chemicals—found in popcorn bags that can affect the immune system and liver function.
Just last month Toxic Free Future released their latest Retailer Report Card, which graded Dollar General with a D+ and Dollar Tree/Family Dollar with a D for safety, based on hazardous chemicals in their products, company commitment to transparency, a willingness to change, and how easily customers can tell what substances are on store items.
With the incoming presidential administration promising to slash health and safety rules, customers and communities will have even fewer protections.
But for many families, shopping elsewhere isn’t an option. Dollar stores are often the only retailers selling essential household goods, including food, in many rural towns and urban neighborhoods, leaving customers with nowhere else to go. Dollar stores are frequently located in communities that already face multiple health and environmental risk factors, such as industrial pollution from factories or deteriorated drinking water. This means a family’s exposure to chemicals via items purchased at dollar stores is part of accumulated exposures.
Dollar stores’ leadership has been aware for over a decade that their products contain lead, BPA, phthalates, and PFAS, jeopardizing customer health. During this time, environmental justice and public health groups nationwide have advocated for safer products. Investors in these companies have raised concerns directly with management and through shareholder resolutions. Yet, the problem persists. Even this year Dollar Tree knowingly kept lead-contaminated apple sauce on its shelves, putting children in harm’s way. The stores have taken only minimal actions to address a handful of chemicals in some product categories.
To say federal agencies tasked with regulating these products fall short would be an understatement. Many take a “graveyard approach,” acting only after someone has suffered a physical toll. The federal Toxic Substances Control Act is so weak that only a handful of chemicals have ever been restricted, while tens of thousands have been exempted or fast-tracked for approval. With the incoming presidential administration promising to slash health and safety rules, customers and communities will have even fewer protections.
With this lack of protective action on the part of state and federal regulators, we urge dollar stores to do the right thing. In 2023, Dollar General's net sales were over $38 billion, and Dollar Tree’s revenues were over $30 billion. They can afford to stop buying products from suppliers that use toxic chemicals and switch to readily available safer alternatives. Mike Creedon, interim chief executive officer for Dollar Tree, claims, “Safety First, Safety Always is the guiding mantra for our store.” But these are only words when there is no action.
Instead, the nation’s largest dollar stores continually fail to meaningfully strengthen their chemical policies and intervene in their supply chains to keep their shoppers safe. Dollar General failed to expand its list of 19 restricted substances. The list does not include PFAS, most phthalates, and many other chemicals known to cause harm. It also applies only to private-label products. Similarly, Dollar Tree has not publicly documented progress on reducing chemicals or plastics of high concern in the last four years and has made no indication of support for the development or sale of safer products.
Competitors, including Walmart, have already made this change. In 2022, the company disclosed that it removed 37 million pounds of phthalates from products in response to consumer demand, with publicly available corporate policies. Similarly, Apple recently received praise for removing harmful chemicals and plastics from its products and even committed to a Full Material Disclosure program which promises manufacturers full transparency on products’ material compositions. These transitions are increasingly mainstream, and dollar stores are falling further and further behind.
Every family has the right to feel safe while shopping, and with the holidays around the corner, this issue is even more important. Dollar stores should transparently report on their progress and work with their suppliers to prevent all known dangerous chemicals from being used to make products sold in stores. Until this happens, dollar stores are putting already vulnerable communities at risk. Safe alternatives exist, and the transition to non-toxic products is both feasible and cost-effective in the long run. Dollar stores must stop prioritizing profit over families. We refuse to be sacrificed for the bottom line.
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Please, Don't Buy Your Loved Ones Toxic Gifts for the Holidays
A new report reveals that most of the biggest retailers in the U.S. and Canada need to do more to protect consumer health from dangerous plastics and chemicals.
Dec 01, 2024
As the nation prepares for another holiday shopping season and we buy gifts for our loved ones, it’s more important than ever that retailers support efforts to reduce toxic chemicals and plastics in everyday products so that shoppers can choose safer products.
A new Mind the Store Retailer Report Card that scores many of the biggest retailers in the U.S. and Canada provides new insights into which retailers are leading and which are lagging in efforts to better protect consumers and communities from toxics and plastics. The report reveals that while some retailers are making progress, most of the biggest retailers in the U.S. and Canada need to do more to protect consumer health.
The newly unveiled 2024 Retailer Report Card is a comprehensive analysis of the efforts, or lack thereof, of 50 of the largest retailers to provide customers with products free of dangerous chemicals and harmful plastics. The retailers run the gamut from grocery stores to beauty supply retailers and include familiar names like McDonald’s, Best Buy, and Sally Beauty. This newest report is the sixth such analysis published since 2016. While there’s been movement in the right direction overall, this year, the average grade was a pitiful D+, and 17 of the ranked retailers failed, landing in the Toxic Hall of Shame.
The business community will never solve all of our problems, but if retailers want to keep their customers and investors happy, they will need to do more to protect our health.
Plastics are considered in the report alongside dangerous chemicals because most plastics are made with hazardous chemicals. Because 99% of plastics are made from oil and gas and contain countless chemical additives and processing aids, many are harmful to our health and are increasingly recognized as inherently toxic. Some types of plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are especially harmful to human health.
PVC is made from vinyl chloride, a known human carcinogen associated with liver cancer, brain and lung cancers, and cancers of the blood. The report findings show that companies are taking steps to reduce or eliminate the use of PVC—10 of the ranked retailers have set goals to eliminate PVC in specific products and packaging. For instance, Dollar Tree plans to eliminate it in children’s products. Yet retailers are not taking the steps necessary to ensure that replacements are safer. This gap in progress necessary to detoxify supply chains is mirrored in the tepid shift away from PVC by the corporate-led U.S. Plastics Pact group. On the one hand, the pact signatories have promised to ditch PVC by next year, but they have not supported proposed policies in states nationwide that would enshrine that goal.
It’s not only harmful plastics that major retailers fail to find safer replacements for. Dangerous chemicals like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as the forever chemicals because they are nearly impossible to destroy and don’t break down in the environment, are getting increasing scrutiny by retailers. Thirty percent of the retailers featured have set goals to eliminate PFAS in several product types, including beauty products, cookware, electronics, food packaging, pet food products, and more. However, these same companies are far behind in finding truly safer replacements. PFAS in the environment has reached crisis levels, with the substances found in the blood of nearly everyone in the U.S. and beyond. Still, petrochemical companies continue to make new versions of the chemicals even as numerous states like Washington and Maine enact new restrictions on these forever chemicals.
The top-scoring retailers in this new report show safer solutions can be found. Ten retailers, including Apple, Best Buy, IKEA, Sephora, and others, have adopted criteria for safer chemicals rooted in the definition of the state of Washington. Eight of the retailers have made investments in finding or developing safer solutions. Overall, however, the report card highlights a significant gap in ambition when all the steps required to find and use safer solutions are analyzed. Eighty percent of retailers still need to ensure safer solutions to toxic chemicals and plastics. Business is supposed to be known for its creativity, innovation, and flexibility. So why have business solutions to difficult chemical and materials problems been to throw new potentially dangerous chemicals into the market and skirt needed reductions of petrochemical plastics by focusing on recycled content pledges instead of overall reductions? This is an area where the corporate world could shine.
Customers are desperate for safer products that don’t expose our families to cancer-causing chemicals, such as flame retardants in sushi trays and spatulas. The business community will never solve all of our problems, but if retailers want to keep their customers and investors happy, they will need to do more to protect our health.
It’s time for the biggest retailers to “mind the store this holiday season.”
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