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One campaigner called Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng's conviction "a total fraud" and "yet another example of the law being weaponized to persecute climate activists who are fighting to save the planet."
Environmental and human rights campaigners the world over are blasting the Vietnamese government after a court in Ho Chi Minh City on Thursday sentenced high-profile climate activist Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng to three years in prison for tax evasion.
Hoàng, a former journalist who launched the 350.org-affiliated Center of Hands-on Actions and Networking for Growth and Environment (CHANGE) VN in 2013, is the fifth climate campaigner recently imprisoned in Vietnam on what critics—including the United Nations Environment Program and U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights—have framed as politically motivated charges enabled by unclear tax law and intended to silence activists.
"This verdict is a self-inflicted wound on Vietnam's ability to tackle one of the most seismic issues of our time."
"The Vietnamese authorities are using the vaguely worded tax code as a weapon to punish environmental leaders whom the ruling Communist Party deems a threat to their power," Human Rights Watch (HRW) deputy Asia director Phil Robertson asserted earlier this week. "The government should stop punishing activists for peacefully advocating action on climate change and for green policies, and drop the case against Hoàng Thị Minh Hồng."
After the 51-year-old was sentenced on Thursday and fined $4,100, 350.org executive director May Boeve said in a statement that "we are deeply dismayed by Hồng's wrongful imprisonment, and in light of her formal sentencing today we reiterate our call for her prompt release and that of fellow climate advocates throughout Vietnam."
350.org Asia regional director Norly Mercado declared that "Hồng is a dedicated and fearless climate defender, and as a treasured colleague, we will continue to offer her our utmost support. Her contributions to climate justice globally, and in her home country of Vietnam, are vital."
Hoàng was accused of dodging $274,488 in tax payments during the 2012-22 period, Reutersreported, citing a local newspaper's review of the indictment. Her attorney, Nguyen Van Tu, explained that "Hồng pleaded guilty, and therefore the trial ended quickly," and now she has 15 days to decide whether to appeal.
"This conviction is a total fraud, nobody should be fooled by it," said Ben Swanton, co-director of the Vietnam-based 88 Project. "This is yet another example of the law being weaponized to persecute climate activists who are fighting to save the planet."
As HRW detailed Wednesday:
Police arrested the prominent environmental campaigners Dang Dinh Bach, Mai Phan Loi, and Bach Hung Duong in 2021, and Nguy Thi Khanh and Hoang Ngoc Giao in 2022, all on tax evasion charges under article 200 of the criminal code.
International pressure purportedly pushed the Vietnamese authorities to release Mai Phan Loi and Nguy Thi Khanh a few months before the end of their prison sentences. Bach Hung Duong, who was sentenced to 27 months in prison, should have completed his prison sentence as of September 25. Dang Dinh Bach, who remains behind bars, was reportedly assaulted in prison for demanding that the prison guards respect his basic rights.
"Vietnamese authorities must end their crackdown on environmental campaigners now," Amnesty International deputy regional director for campaigns Ming Yu Hah argued Thursday. "This verdict is a self-inflicted wound on Vietnam's ability to tackle one of the most seismic issues of our time."
"The international community must condemn this verdict and urge Vietnam to drop all criminal charges against environmental activists," the campaigner continued. "Authorities in Vietnam must also wake up to the fact that they can only fulfill their climate goals and responsibilities by working with, rather than against, those most dedicated to this cause in their own country."
Hoàng's sentencing comes as Vietnam—which is incredibly vulnerable to the climate emergency—is working to implement the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), a $15.5 billion initiative to cut planet-heating emissions whose funders include Canada, Japan, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
"Having imprisoned the country's human rights defenders and democracy activists, the Vietnamese government is now targeting those working for a cleaner, more sustainable environment," said Robertson. "International donors need to be clear with Vietnam's leaders that the Just Energy Transition Partnership cannot move forward so long as environmental activists are under attack."
Mercado also noted the initiative, saying that "Vietnam's ambitious climate goals—made more potent by the country's position on the frontlines of climate impacts—have been achieved in no small part through the dedicated efforts of climate champions like Hồng. The unjust imprisonment of fearless changemakers like Hồng not only imperils initiatives within Vietnam such as its JETP deal, but also undermines the country's vital role in shaping a fair and equitable response to the urgent climate crisis."
U.S. President Joe Biden visited Vietnam earlier this month to elevate relations to a "comprehensive strategic partnership." In a joint statement, he and General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee Nguyen Phu Trong "affirmed the importance of promoting and protecting human rights in accordance with each country's constitution and international obligations," and said that "the United States committed to assisting Vietnam with both finance and advanced climate technology to fulfill its international climate commitments."
HRW highlighted that "just four days after Biden departed Hanoi, Vietnam arrested another prominent environmental researcher, Ngo Thi To Nhien, the executive director of the Vietnam Initiative for Energy Transition," which "works alongside the United Nations and donors to help provide research and planning advice for the JETP."
Biden served as vice president under former U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2018, the Obama Foundation recognized Hoàng's two decades of "tackling Vietnam's most urgent issues, including climate change, pollution, and illegal wildlife trade," with a grant to join its one-year scholars program at Columbia University in New York City.
On social media this week, Robertson urged the Obama Foundation and the former U.S. president "to demand that Vietnam immediately and unconditionally release" Hoàng, stressing that "this is when international solidarity is really needed!"
We need to help this brave climate campaigner. So far the UN human rights office has issued a powerful denunciation, and the State Department a shorter and more muted version. But the U.S. can do much more. And so must we all.
The picture above comes from Hanoi, in 2009. It’s one of 5,100 demonstrations that took place in 181 countries on the same day in October—a kind of coming out party for the global climate movement and, CNN reckoned at the time, “the most widespread day of political protest in the planet’s history.”
All the pictures that streamed in over Flickr that weekend moved me, but some almost to tears: Americans still think “war” when they think Vietnam, and they think so with guilt. It was astonishing to me to be collaborating with people who could easily have spurned anything that originated in America.
The reason we had a demonstration that day in Vietnam was Hoang Thi Minh Hong. Hong, like so many other people around the world, seized the opportunity to try and raise awareness about the climate crisis. And she’s never stopped. The definition of a good organizer is someone that people like to be around, and tiny Hong is effervescent; every picture I have of her, including a couple from friends who visited her this spring, show her beaming. She made it to to the US where she spent time at Columbia, and as an Obama fellow; she made it to Antarctica, and onto lists of the most influential women in Asia. Here’s the picture of when she was named a hero of the climate.
But she kept on telling the truth, which in Vietnam is a hard truth: few countries face more chaos and trauma from a changing climate, because the Mekong Delta is low to the sea; already rice farmers are trying to deal with rising salt levels, and many are failing. And yet Vietnam’s rapidly growing economy has kept burning coal, and Hong kept pointing that out. And now it’s caught up with her.
She was arrested last week on “tax evasion” charges after the offices of her CHANGE NGO were raided—she’d actually shut the group down after the arrests of other environmentalists on similar charges. They are, of course, bogus. Two decades ago Vladimir Putin started figuring out how to make sure that NGOs, especially any with foreign ties, were kept under his thumb; impenetrable bureaucratic rules were the key. Similar tactics have been adopted by other would-be autocrats from India to Turkey to, of course, China, and many more. We could not hold that global demonstration that we held in 2009 today; simply speaking the truth is too dangerous in too many places.
Including, of course, some places in this country. Last week that three activists fighting the Cop City project in Atlanta were arrested on charges of money laundering. When they were arraigned on Friday, their defense attorney said, “My real concern here is if you look at these warrants ... of what they’ve done with the money that prompts both the money laundering and the charitable fraud, I mean, $37.11 to build yard signs. What could be more First Amendment activity than getting materials to build yard signs?” Their offense, clearly, was telling their truth, loudly.
If you’re powerful enough, of course, you can tell the truth and nothing happens. Last week State Farm and Allstate both made it clear they wouldn’t be selling new home insurance policies in California—the cost of rebuilding homes after wildfires had gotten too high. As a result, more Californians will get to rely on the state-offered insurance plan, a last resort. But truth-telling actually isn’t in the blood of the insurance industry—the real news last week was one big company after another dropping out of the Net Zero Insurance Alliance. As Reuters put it, “the group has been buffeted by growing political opposition from some Republicans in the United States, who say the group could be violating antitrust laws by working together to reduce clients' carbon emissions. This month 23 U.S. state attorneys general told NZIA members that the group's targets and requirements appeared to violate both federal and state antitrust laws.” Cowards, all.
Hong had a lot more backbone than that. She got the signals from the government, but she didn’t shut up. Here’s what she tweeted out in early May, on a day when Asia was suffering through a record-breaking heatwave:
“Yeah, I am melting like a piece of butter on frying pan. Climate change is happening no matter what we do. But we should still do everything to not make it worse. I had to shut down my NGO due to pressures, but I’ll find another way.”
We need to help her. So far the UN human rights office has issued a powerful denunciation, and the State Department a shorter and more muted version. But the U.S. can do much more. John Kerry, our global climate envoy, last December negotiated an important $15.5 billion climate transition deal with Vietnam, even after the country had jailed another activist. At that moment, the head of the Goldman Prize Foundation said, “It’s really time for the U.S. to take the gloves off and make it very clear to Vietnam that this won’t be tolerated.”
But apparently the U.S. never made that clear, and now Hong sits in a Vietnamese jail and her family waits for her release. It’s time for Obama to do some tweeting, and it’s time for Kerry to get on the phone, and if necessary on the plane; please write to the State Department with that message (look down to the bottom of this form for an easy way to do so). That Vietnam was willing to make this kind of climate deal resulted directly from decades of advocacy by brave people like Hong. Abandoning them is wrong in every way.