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"Despite an assault on human rights and the rule of law in many countries," human rights defenders "showed remarkable courage and persistence in advocating for more democratic, just, and inclusive societies."
For the first time since such killings have been tracked, more than 400 human rights defenders were murdered worldwide last year, with nearly half of these targeted killings occurring in Colombia, a report published Tuesday revealed.
According to Front Line Defenders' annual global analysis, at least 401 human rights defenders (HRDs) in 26 countries were victims of targeted killings in 2022, up from 358 people murdered in 35 countries the previous year.
\u201c\ud83d\udca1Did you know that 48% of human rights defenders killed in 2022 worked on land, environmental + indigenous rights? \n\n\u27a1\ufe0fOur new #GlobalAnalysis22 highlights key stats across regions, sectors, violations + more. \n\n\u27a1\ufe0fTake a look at some important stats about HRDs in 2022:\u201d— Front Line Defenders (@Front Line Defenders) 1680610021
The report notes that five countries—Colombia, Ukraine, Mexico, Brazil, and Honduras—accounted for over 80% of HRD murders in 2022, with Colombia alone accounting for 46% of the total with at least 186 killings documented and verified. Indigenous and environmental defenders made up 48% of last year's victims.
"In a grim milestone, for the first time we saw more than 400 targeted killings of human rights defenders in 2022," Olive Moore, Front Line Defenders' interim director, said in a statement. "While Latin America remained the deadliest region in the world for human rights defenders, we also saw a more dangerous landscape for defenders in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine."
'"These human rights defenders were deliberately targeted and killed because of their human rights work," Moore added. "Because they choose to speak out and challenge injustice, they paid for it with their lives.''
According to the report:
In 2022, human rights defenders around the world collectively inspired transformative change within their societies with bold, creative, and peaceful human rights action. Despite an assault on human rights and the rule of law in many countries, HRDs showed remarkable courage and persistence in advocating for more democratic, just, and inclusive societies.
Across nearly all countries, human rights organizations, networks, and social movements pushed back against deepening authoritarianism and closing civic space, mobilizing for change while expanding collective voices and responding to the needs of the most marginalized and targeted communities. Even in the most violent contexts, feminist, women, and LGBTQ+ defenders repeatedly stood up for their communities and against discrimination, while strengthening their networks and forming broader alliances.
Nevertheless, this steadfast and courageous defense of human rights often came at a significant cost to HRDs.
Front Line Defenders' annual report came weeks after Mary Lawlor, the United Nations special rapporteur on human rights defenders, declared that nations "can and should do more to protect" HRDs.
\u201cOfficials in many countries \u201cvilify and target\u201d #humanrightsdefenders instead of recognizing the crucial work they do to help build fairer societies, independent expert @MaryLawlorhrds told the Human Rights Council.\n\n#HRC52 story by @UN_News_Centre \nhttps://t.co/dm5eHXJW2S\u201d— UN Human Rights Council \ud83d\udccd#HRC52 (@UN Human Rights Council \ud83d\udccd#HRC52) 1680327000
"It is exactly because defenders peacefully confront powerful vested interests, because they expose corruption, because they refuse to accept injustice, because they challenge criminal gangs, because they talk about issues governments want to hide, because they tell the truth, and because they make good things happen, that they are attacked," Lawlor explained.
Governments worldwide in 2015 capitalized on supposed national security threats to trample over human rights.
That's Amnesty International's assessment of global human rights in its latest report.
"Your rights are in jeopardy: they are being treated with utter contempt by many governments around the world," said Salil Shetty, Secretary General of Amnesty International.
Driving some of the government attacks on human rights are "misguided reactions... to national security threats," including "the crushing of civil society, the right to privacy and the right to free speech; and outright attempts to make human rights dirty words, packaging them in opposition to national security, law and order and 'national values.' Governments have even broken their own laws in this way," he continued.
"Millions of people are suffering enormously at the hands of states and armed groups, while governments are shamelessly painting the protection of human rights as a threat to security, law and order or national 'values.'"
Looking at abuses "by the numbers," the watchdog group found that:
In addition to rights and rights defenders being under attack, so "are the laws and the system that protect them," Shetty said.
The new report covers a wide range of abuses, such as Ireland's restrictions on and criminalization of abortion and Australia's disproportionate jailing of Indigenous people and its denial of rights to asylum-seekers.
The United States and some of its allies fared poorly as well.
Saudi Arabia continued its crackdown on freedom of expression and association, locked up human rights defenders, and tortured prisoners. Women also faced discrimination by law and lacked protection from sexual and other violence.
Israel continued its "military blockade of Gaza and therefore collective punishment of the 1.8 million inhabitants there."
The UK repealed its Human Rights Act and pushed forth surveillance laws. "The UK is setting a dangerous precedent to the world on human rights," said Amnesty International UK Director Kate Allen.
And Egypt arrested thousands "in a ruthless crackdown in the name of national security."
As for rights abuses in the U.S., the report states:
There was no accountability nor remedy for crimes under international law committed in the secret detention program operated by the CIA. Scores of detainees remained in indefinite military detention at the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, while military trial proceedings continued in a handful of cases. Concern about the use of isolation in state and federal prisons and the use of force in policing continued. Twenty-seven men and one woman were executed during the year.
"President Obama has often said the right thing but failed to turn his rhetoric into an agenda that makes human rights, in fact, a national priority," said Margaret Huang, interim executive director of Amnesty International USA.
While numerous abuses are cataloged, Shetty stresses in the foreward that the report "cannot convey the full human misery of the topical crises of this last year, notably the refugee crisis--even now exacerbated in this northern winter. In such a situation, protecting and strengthening systems of human rights and civilian protection cannot be seen as optional.
"It is literally a matter of life and death."
Raif Badawi, the Saudi blogger whose 10-year, 1,000-lash sentence for allegedly insulting Muslim clerics spurred global outrage and drew attention to Saudi Arabia's repressive regime, was on Thursday awarded the European Union's prestigious Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought.
"Freedom of expression is the air that every thinker breathes, the spark that lights his thoughts. Over the centuries, nations and societies have only progressed thanks to their thinkers."
--Raif Badawi
"The conference of Presidents decided that the Sakharov Prize will go to Saudi blogger Raif Badawi," said the Parliament's president, Martin Schulz. "This man, who is an extremely good man and an exemplary good man, has imposed on him one of the most gruesome penalties that exist in this country, which can only be described as brutal torture."
Schulz then went further, calling on the Saudi king "to free him so he can accept the prize."
"We call on Saudi Arabian authorities to immediately halt any punishment measures, reconsider the judgment, and release Mr. Badawi without charges," Schulz said in a statement. "The same should apply to all individuals condemned for having expressed freely their opinions in Saudi Arabia and beyond."
Badawi, the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals, was arrested in 2012 on a charge of insulting Islam and indicted on several charges, including apostasy. He was convicted and sentenced to seven years in prison and 600 lashes in 2013 and then resentenced to 1,000 lashes and 10 years in prison plus a fine in 2014.
The first 50 lashes were administered before hundreds of spectators on 9 January 2015. Amnesty International denounced the flogging at the time as "a vicious act of cruelty which is prohibited under international law." Subsequent sets have been postponed due to international condemnation and Badawi's poor health. The Supreme Court upheld his sentence in June 2015 and he remains in jail.
Meanwhile, having received death threats, his wife and three children fled to Canada. According to Agence France-Presse, Badawi's wife, Ensaf Haidar, hailed the award on Thursday as "a message of hope and courage."
"Raif has spoken up for all Saudis who simply dream of enjoying the same rights as other human beings. He has paid dearly for his commitment and this Sakharov Prize sends a clear and strong message to his torturers."
--Karim Lahiji, International Federation for Human Rights
The award was also celebrated by the Paris-headquartered International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), which said Badawi had played a major role in promoting freedom of expression and attempting to foster public debate in Saudi Arabia.
"Raif has spoken up for all Saudis who simply dream of enjoying the same rights as other human beings," said FIDH president Karim Lahiji. "He has paid dearly for his commitment and this Sakharov Prize sends a clear and strong message to his torturers."
However, the prize comes just two days after Haidar warned that her husband's flogging was expected to resume.
"An informed source informed me, that the Saudi authorities have given the green light to the resumption of Raif Badawi's flogging," Haidar said in a statement Tuesday on a website set up in Badawi's honor. "The informed source also said that the flogging will resume soon but will be administered inside the prison."
Badawi's plight has long provoked calls for Western nations to re-examine their relationships with Saudi Arabia.
"Badawi's case is not unique," peace activist Medea Benjamin wrote in January, noting that in 2014, Reporters Without Borders described the government as "relentless in its censorship of the Saudi media and the Internet" and ranked Saudi Arabia 164th out of 180 countries for freedom of the press.
"The U.S. government's response to these egregious and inhumane punishments from its ally usually takes the form of a U.S. State Department spokesperson expressing 'concern'," Benjamin continued. "But there is no major public condemnation. No threats of cutting arms sales. No sanctions against government officials. The U.S. government basically turns a blind eye to the medieval forms of torture the Saudis still mete out."
And FDIH on Thursday called for the prize "to be followed by a reassessment of the EU's approach to Saudi Arabia."
"There is an urgent need for the EU to adopt a clarified policy to support the independent civil society and human rights defenders, to discuss human rights concerns at the top diplomatic level with Saudi officials, and to ensure that human rights violators are held accountable," the nonprofit said in a statement.
As Badawi himself wrote in 2010: "Freedom of expression is the air that every thinker breathes, the spark that lights his thoughts. Over the centuries, nations and societies have only progressed thanks to their thinkers."
"What I fear the most," he continued, "is that the brilliant Arab spirits will go into exile in their search for fresh air, far from the threat of religious authoritarianism."