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"If you have a hurricane now as opposed to the same hurricane 150 years ago, the impacts would be different," said one researcher.
A study published Monday in Nature Communications is the latest of several recent reports to detail the rapid rise of sea levels in the southern U.S., which is happening faster than scientists previously realized and has also intensified hurricane damage in coastal cities.
Scientists from institutions including Tulane University and the National Oceanography Center in the United Kingdom wrote in the study that "mean sea level acceleration" in the U.S. Southeast and Gulf coasts has led to a rate of increase of more than 10 millimeters, or one centimeter, per year since 2010—a rate that is "unprecedented in at least 120 years."
That finding bolstered a study published last month in the Journal of Climate by Jianjun Yin at the University of Arizona, who found that sea level changed by a total of nearly five inches in the region from 2010-2022—more than double the global mean sea level acceleration rate, according toThe Washington Post, which called the rapid sea level rise "abnormal and dramatic."
Scientists who have studied the phenomenon recently say that the warming of the Gulf of Mexico, which is happening much faster than in oceans across the globe, is causing sea levels to rise in the area as the water expands with heat and gets carried out of the gulf into the Atlantic Ocean.
"A home purchased today in Pensacola will be underwater before the mortgage is paid off. This is so scary."
Yin reported that Hurricanes Michael in 2018 and Ian in 2022, which were already two of the strongest storms to make landfall in the U.S., were made more devastating by the high sea levels in the Gulf Coast.
"The faster [sea level rise] on the Southeast and Gulf Coasts... coincided with active and even record-breaking North Atlantic hurricane seasons in recent years," reads Yin's study. "As a consequence, the elevated storm surge exacerbated coastal flooding and damages particularly on the Gulf Coast."
Hurricane Michael killed at least 45 people and damaged about 60,000 homes, costing about $25 billion. Ian was linked to roughly 160 deaths and was one of the costliest disasters in U.S. history, causing at least $50 billion in property and infrastructure damage.
"It turns out that the water level associated with Hurricane Ian was the highest on record due to the combined effect of sea level rise and storm surge," Yin told the Post on Monday.
Thomas Wahl of the University of Central Florida, a co-author of the report published Monday, noted that rising sea levels lead to the erosion of wetlands, which coastal communities rely on for protection.
"Now you have a higher base water level," Wahl told The Post. "If you have a hurricane now as opposed to the same hurricane 150 years ago, the impacts would be different."
The trend in the region has so far only been detected for about 12 years, but with global sea levels rising steadily—a pattern scientists have warned will continue especially as long as fossil fuel extraction and greenhouse gas emissions persist—Sönke Dangendorf of the Nature Communications study said the research provides "a window into the future."
The rate of acceleration is close to what scientists expected from sea level rise towards "the end of the century in a very high greenhouse gas emissions scenario," the Post reported.
Rep. Sean Casten (D-Ill.) tweeted that the new research shows the likely short-term impact of continued planetary heating and sea level rise, following a report released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) last year which warned ocean levels along U.S. coastlines will rise by an average of 10 to 12 inches by 2050—and that Gulf Coast communities can expect an increase of 14 to 18 inches.
"The implication is that a home purchased today in Pensacola will be underwater before the mortgage is paid off," said Casten. "This is so scary."
\u201cJust over a year ago, NOAA reported that the Gulf Coast can expect 2 feet of sea level rise by 2050. I've noted since that the implication is that a home purchased today in Pensacola will be underwater before the mortgage is paid off. This is so scary. https://t.co/p2hsNlrM0R\u201d— Sean Casten (@Sean Casten) 1681132400
Aside from making storms like Ian and Michael more devastating, Wahl told the Post, a higher coastal sea level "messes up your daily life."
"It corrodes infrastructure," he said. "It corrodes cars that are driving through saltwater on a daily basis. You can't open your business or get to work."
Each year Foreign Policy In Focus columnist Conn Hallinan gives awards to individuals, companies, and governments that make reading the news a daily adventure. Here are the awards for 2018.
The Golden Sprocket Wrench Award goes to Lockheed Martin, the world's largest arms manufacturer, for its F-22 Raptor Stealth fighter, a fifth-generation interceptor said to be the best in the world.
That is when it works, which isn't often.
When Hurricane Michael swept through Florida this fall, 17 Raptors -- $339 million apiece -- were destroyed or badly damaged. How come the Air Force didn't fly those F-22s out of harm's way? Because the Raptor is a "hanger queen"-- it loves the machine shop. Less than 50 percent of the F-22 fleet is functional at any given moment. The planes couldn't fly, so they got trashed at a cost to taxpayers of around $5 billion.
Lockheed Martin also gets an Oak Leaf Cluster for its F-35 Lightning II fighter, at $1.5 trillion the most expensive weapon system in U.S. history. Some 200 F-35s aren't considered "combat capable," and may never be, because the Pentagon would rather buy new planes than fix the ones it has. That may cost taxpayers $40 billion.
The F-22s and F-35s also have problems with their oxygen systems, but no one can figure out why.
However, both planes did get into combat. According to Vice Admiral Scott Stearney, the F-35 achieved "tactical supremacy" over the Taliban (which doesn't have an air force). The F-22, the most sophisticated stealth fighter in the world, took on Afghan drug dealers.
As for Lockheed Martin, the company was just awarded an extra $7 billion for F-22 "sustainment."
The Golden Parenting Award goes to the U.S. State Department, for trying to water down a resolution by the UN's World Health Assembly encouraging breastfeeding over infant formula.
A Lancet study found that universal breastfeeding would prevent 800,000 infant deaths a year, decrease ear infections by 50 percent, and reduce gastrointestinal disease by 64 percent. It lowers the risk for Type 1 diabetes, two kinds of leukemia, sudden infant death syndrome, and asthma. It also makes for healthier mothers.
In contrast, infant formula -- a $70 billion industry dominated by a few American and European companies -- is expensive and not nearly as healthy for children as breast milk.
When Ecuador tried to introduce the breastfeeding resolution, the U.S. threatened it with aid cuts and trade barriers. Several other Latin American countries were also threatened and quickly withdrew their names from a list of endorsers. Finally, Russia stepped in and introduced the resolution.
The measure finally passed, but the U.S. successfully lobbied to remove language urging the World Health Organization to challenge "inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children."
The Golden Cuisine Award goes to Ron Colburn, president of the U.S. Border Patrol Foundation, who told Fox & Friends that the tear gas used on migrants at the U.S. border was not harmful, because pepper spray was such a "natural" product that "you could actually put on your nachos and eat it."
The Marie Antoinette Award has two winners this year:
*Nikki Haley, retiring U.S. ambassador to the UN, who blasted Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vt) for supporting the UN's special rapporteur report on poverty in the United States, who found that tens of millions of Americans suffer "massive levels of deprivation." In a letter to Sanders, Haley said it was "patently ridiculous" for the UN to even look at poverty in the United States, because it is "the wealthiest and freest country in the world."
In a response, Sanders pointed out that while this country is indeed the wealthiest in the world, it is also one of the most unequal. "Some 40 million people still live in poverty, more than 30 million have no health insurance, over half of older workers have no retirement savings, 140 million Americans are struggling to pay for basic living expenses, 40 percent of Americans cannot afford a $400 emergency, and millions of Americans are leaving school deeply in debt."
*U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin, who expressed surprise that the people attending the World Economic Forum in the resort town of Davos, Switzerland were considered elite. "I didn't realize it was the global elite."
Basic membership in the forum costs more than $70,000, and getting to the event by helicopter or car is expensive, as are accommodations. There also numerous glittering parties hosted by celebrities like Bono and Leonardo DiCaprio. (But those parties can have a sharp edge: one had attendees crawl on their hands and knees to feel what's like to flee an army.)
The Golden Matthew 19:14 Award ("Suffer the little children") goes to Danish Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen for threatening to seize the children of poor people if parents commit crimes or fail to teach children "Danish values."
The Danish parliament has designated 25 "ghetto" areas -- Denmark's term -- which Muslim immigrants are crowded into. Families living in "ghettos" must send their children -- starting at age 1 -- to schools for 25 hours a week, where they're taught about Christmas, Easter, and the Danish language. Failure to do so can result in a welfare cutoff.
Proposals are also being considered to double prison sentences for anyone from a "ghetto" convicted of a crime, and a four year prison sentence for parents who send their children back to their home countries to learn about their cultures.
The neo-fascist People's Party, part of the governing coalition, also proposed forcing all "ghetto" children to wear electronic ankle bracelets and be confined to their homes after 8 PM. The measure was tabled.
Runners up are:
* The British Home Office, which, according to a report by the House of Lords, is using children for undercover operations against drug dealers, terrorists, and criminal gangs. "We are concerned that enabling a young person to participate in covert activity for an extended period of time may expose them to increased risk in their mental and physical welfare," the Lord's report concluded.
* The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for placing Dr. Ruth Etzel, head of Children's Health Protection, on administrative leave and derailing programs aimed at reducing children's exposure to lead, pesticides, mercury, and smog. Etzel was pressing to tighten up regulations because children are more sensitive to pollutants than adults. A leader in children's environmental health for more than 30 years, Etzel was asked for her badge, cell phone, and keys and put on administrative leave.
The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight Award goes to arms maker Raytheon (with a tip of the hat to contributors Northup Grumman and Lockheed Martin) for its Patriot anti-missile that has downed exactly one missile in 28 years of use (and that was a clunky old Scud).
An analysis of the missile interceptor system by Jeffrey Lewis of the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey, California, concluded that Patriot is "a lemon." Writing in Foreign Policy, Lewis says, "I am deeply skeptical that Patriot has ever intercepted a long-range ballistic missile in combat."
But it sure sells well. Saudi Arabia forked over $5.4 billion for Patriots in 2015, Romania $4 billion in 2017, Poland $4.5 billion in 2018, and Turkey $3.5 billion this year.
The Golden "Say What?" Award has three winners:
*The U.S. Department of Defense for cutting a deal in the Yemen civil war to allow al-Qaeda members -- the organization that brought us the September 11 attacks -- to join with the Saudis and United Arab Emirates (UAE) in their fight against the Houthis.
According to Associated Press, while the Saudis claim that their forces are driving al-Qaeda out of cities, in fact, the terrorist organization's members were allowed to leave with their weapons and looted cash.
U.S. drones gave them free passage. Why, you may ask? Because the Saudi coalition says the Houthis are supported by Iran.
* Saudi Arabia and the UAE for bankrolling a series of racist and Islamophobic attacks on newly elected Muslim Congress members Ilhan Omar (D-Minnesota) and Rashid Tlaib (D-Michigan) because the Gulf monarchies accuse both of being members of the Muslim Brotherhood. Neither is, but both are critical of the absolute monarchs of the Persian Gulf and are opposed to the Saudi-instigated war in Yemen.
* Israel, for selling weapons to the racist and anti-Semitic Azov Battalion in the Ukraine. On its YouTube channel, members of the militia showed off Israeli Tavor rifles, the primary weapon of the Israeli Special Forces. The Tavor is produced under license by the Israel Weapons Industries. The unit's commander and Ukraine's Interior Minister, Arsen Avakov, met with Israel's Interior Minister Aryeh Deri last year to discuss "fruitful cooperation."
Azov's founder, Anriy Biletsky, now a Ukrainian parliament member, says his mission is "to restore the honor of the white race," and lead "a crusade against the Semite-led untermenschen."
The Blue Meanie Award goes to U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo for blocking medical supplies to North Korea. Drugs to fight malaria and tuberculosis have been held up, as have surgical equipment and soy milk for child care centers and orphanages.
According to the UN, sanctions "are not intended to have adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population" of North Korea. The U.S. position has come in for criticism by Sweden, France, Britain, Canada, and the International Red Cross.
The Little Bo Peep Award goes to the Pentagon for its recent audit indicating that some $21 trillion (yes, that is a "t") is unaccounted for. Sharing this honor is the U.S. Air Force for losing a box of grenades, which apparently fell off a Humvee in North Dakota. The Air Forces says the weapons won't go off without a special launcher. Right. What can possibly go wrong with grenades?
In Memory of Dr. Victor Sidel, a founding member of the Physicians for Social Responsibility and the Nobel Prize winning International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Sidel, along with Dr. Barry S. Levy, wrote several important books, including War and Public Health, and Social Justice and Public Health. In 1986 he was arrested, along with astronomer Carl Sagan, at the Mercury, Nevada nuclear test site. He once said, "The cost of one-half day of world arms spending could pay for the full immunization of all the children of the world against the common infectious diseases."
It's been a tough year for those of us in the climate change community. Each week has seemed to bring either a fresh report reminding us of how precious little time we have left to try to turn this ship around or a disaster that has climate change's fingerprints all over it. Friends, family, colleagues, and reporters have all asked whether I'm optimistic or hopeful about our ability to limit the severity of future climate change. And I'll be honest: I'm not. But that doesn't mean we should give up--in fact that would be among the worst things we could do. Rather, we need to hold fiercely to a vision of the future we want to see and work like hell to make it a reality.
During 2017--the year in which Trump announced that the US would withdraw from the Paris Agreement, three Category 4 hurricanes made landfall in the US for the first time ever, and my home state of California witnessed its most destructive wildfire in recorded history--I found myself faced with the reality that we were witnessing the very events that climate scientists had long been saying we'd see as our climate warmed. And that was jarring. But 2018 marks the year that I truly started to grieve for what we have done and what we have failed to do.
There has been much to fuel that grief this year. So much, in fact, that words on a screen and cells in a spreadsheet didn't feel real enough. Instead, I had to write and draw about this in my notebook to make sense of it all, letting it pour out dot by dot into what I call my "Grief Graph."
For the first half of the year, the intensity of generating the data for our Underwater report mostly prevented the climate change arrows that were being slung from piercing my armor. Oh, blessed, messy data, thank you for distracting me from whatever was going on during those months. I trust that it was all unicorns and fairy dust.
But for the second half of the year the blinders were off. Shortly after taking my own turn at unleashing a new set of data showing just how profoundly changed our country will be if we continue along this path, and as wildfire smoke created a blanket of doom over the Bay Area, I had more time to ingest everyone else's dire reports. Oh, and there were two devastating hurricanes.
Readers, because I care about your well-being, if you are immersed in this stuff day in and day out, go ahead and skip to the next section. Yes, I'm issuing a trigger warning regarding the following list, which highlights a few of the lowlights shown in the graph above.
And that doesn't even begin to wade into the heartbreaking impacts of extreme weather all around the world.
The grief graph above demonstrates the grief-stemming power of two activities: being hard at work on activities that one hopes will make a difference and taking the time to think about the future you're working for. I'd like to focus on the latter here because the former is productive, for sure, but in terms of emotions, it is little more than a distraction from the grief.
"Let's hold that beautiful future in our hearts and minds so that it can give us the courage, the ambition, and the endurance to keep up the fight."
In late August, my colleagues and I had a free-form conversation about what we're really excited to work on as a group. What energized us most focused not on climate impacts--our bread and butter--but on climate opportunities.
For a few weeks, when I closed my eyes, I envisioned a world in which our coasts are transformed by wide swaths of beautiful wetlands that have the space they need to migrate inland. A world in which the people who used to live on the land the wetlands inhabit have found new opportunities on higher ground and are thriving because they had the support and resources they needed to relocate. A world in which we can turn on A/C that's powered without carbon-based fuels and we no longer have that nagging feeling that by making ourselves comfortable, we are ultimately making the heat worse.
This sort of thought exercise can be much more than that. Competitions like Resilient by Design challenge us to envision what our communities could be like, and present us with beautiful, sustainable options that are even more appealing than what we see around us today. Similarly, the Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network and the Seeds of the Good Anthropocene initiative have developed frameworks for workshops in which participants develop positive visions for a future in which the climate is warmer and extremes are more frequent.
We may not be able to decrease our emissions fast enough to keep warming to below 1.5degC. My children will likely see the extinction of species, the deterioration of coral reefs, and ice-free summers in the Arctic. And with all of that, grief feels justified.
But I can also see a future in which we have done everything within our power to make our world as beautiful and healthy as it can be for our children and grandchildren. If hope and optimism aren't in your toolkit right now, I think that's OK. They're not in mine. But the last thing we're going to do is give up, right? So let's hold that beautiful future in our hearts and minds so that it can give us the courage, the ambition, and the endurance to keep up the fight.