As the BBC reports:
Six opposition parties have combined forces for presidential and parliamentary elections on 14 May, picking opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as their unity candidate.
Turkey has become increasingly authoritarian under President Erdoğan and the opposition is seeking to reverse that.
He appears vulnerable, with Turkey facing soaring inflation and reeling from twin earthquakes that have left more than 50,000 people dead.
Any candidate that can secure more than half the presidential vote on 14 May is the outright winner. Failing that, the race goes to a run-off two weeks later.
The new report details how the Turkish government—which has a history of quashing online dissent—"has amassed a vast arsenal of digital censorship tools," while listing steps social media and messaging platforms should take to safeguard human rights during the elections.
"The Turkish government has accelerated its efforts to enforce censorship and tighten control over social media and independent online news sites ahead of this election," HRW senior technology researcher Deborah Brown said in a statement. "The vote will test whether voters in Turkey can rely on social media for independent news and to express their views on the election and its outcome, despite government efforts to put companies under its heel."
According to the groups' report:
The Turkish government has equipped itself with multiple powers that it can use as a pretext to throttle any social media platform and render it unusable. Such steps could be taken during elections with the ulterior motive of limiting the right to information and independent news online. If election results are contested during election day or in its aftermath, the government may use its full array of censorship powers—and particularly its "spreading false information offense"—to prevent independent groups from challenging results that favor the ruling party. Social media companies may face intense pressure to remove content the government views unfavorably including assessments from independent monitors.
Turkish authorities have used the "fake news" law to target critical journalists; now critics say it is being applied to crack down on social media users.
"Turkey has long been hell for journalists," Sevgi Akarçeşme, formerly the editor-in-chief of Today's Zaman—the country's largest English-language daily—toldCNBC last October. "With this new law… the goal is to control social media because conventional media is already under Erdoğan's control."
Sarah Clarke, director of Article 19 Europe, said in a statement that "social media companies may face intense pressure to remove content the government views unfavorably, including assessments from independent monitors."
"It is crucial," she added, "for companies to resist these pressures and do everything in their power to push back against measures that would make them complicit in rights abuses during this critical election period."
