In war there are winners and losers. One U.S. gas company profiteering off the back of Russia's invasion of Ukraine is America's largest Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) exporter, Cheniere Energy.
The company has pivoted more of its exports this year to Europe, which is in desperate need of alternatives to Putin's gas. Over 70% of the company's LNG exports went to Europe in the first half of 2022, up from less than 40% the year before.
Log on to the company's website and its greenwashing is easy to spot: "At Cheniere, we provide clean, secure and affordable energy to the world", says the company, which has adopted the long debunked narrative that despite being a fossil fuel, gas is somehow clean.
Cheniere likes to call itself a sustainability leader within the U.S. gas industry. Central to that claim is an initiative launched in February 2021 to track the lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the LNG it supplies to customers, and issue so-called Cargo Emissions Tags (CETs) with its shipments. The company announced just last week that it began issuing these tags in June to its long-term contracted customers.
The purpose of the tags is not just to inform Cheniere's customers about the amount of GHGs associated with a cargo. The company claims that this is part of an effort to work with suppliers to reduce emissions, particularly super-potent methane emissions, in its supply chain. But how well does the company actually track these emissions? How reliable and transparent is the information on the tags?
Oil Change International and Greenpeace USA released a report today raising serious questions about both the methodology and the intent of Cheniere's cargo emission tags. Here are the key findings:
- Cheniere's emissions estimates rely on facility-level methane emissions data collected from its upstream suppliers by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Studies have found that EPA data substantially underestimates methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by relying on outdated emissions factors that do not accurately capture emissions from large "super-emitter" events.
- A sensitivity analysis found in the supplemental information section of a paper that forms the basis of Cheniere's methodology shows that when more accurate emission factors that better incorporate high-emissions events are used, the full lifecycle emissions increase significantly. However, this finding was not incorporated into the paper's result and conclusions.
- Cheniere claims its methodology is "supplier-specific", but 42% of the gas supply assessed in the paper is pooled gas for which no supplier-specific data exists.
- The published methodology paper only analyses the company's Sabine Pass LNG plant and does not provide any information about the supply chain for its Corpus Christi LNG plant. This plant is primarily supplied from the Permian Basin, which has one of the worst methane emissions rates in the country. As a result, the discrepancy with EPA data could be even more pronounced with Corpus Christi than with Sabine Pass, and the total lifecycle emissions for Corpus Christi cargoes could be very large.
- Cheniere states that the prime purpose of the CETs is to inform customers of the emissions value of cargoes so that they can 'accurately' offset emissions with carbon credits. Offsets are a poor substitute for the systemic change that is required for addressing the climate crisis, and in most cases they create additional environmental and social justice issues.
- Cheniere's claims that CETs are part of a solution to climate change ignore the fact that the company's growth ambitions are out of sync with the trajectory of gas and LNG in climate safe scenarios. While methane emissions reduction is fundamental to climate action, it must go hand-in-hand with winding down the fossil fuel industry, including the supply of gas and LNG. The recent IPCC Working Group III report concluded that "Reducing [greenhouse gas] emissions across the full energy sector requires major transitions, including a substantial reduction in overall fossil fuel use."
- The CETs say nothing about the wide range of impacts associated with the U.S. fracked gas and LNG industries, including community impacts and environmental injustice. In fact, Cheniere is simultaneously seeking an exemption from the Biden administration to dump greater amounts of health-damaging air pollution in local communities around its Corpus Christi, Texas plant.
The findings in our report expose the deep flaws in the U.S. gas industry's ongoing strategy to claim its addressing the climate crisis via methane emissions monitoring and reductions. It's a strategy long on lofty claims and short on results.
In June, as Cheniere was preparing to issue its first emissions tags, the satellite monitoring firm Kayrros issued a stark alarm call. They found that methane emissions are drastically increasing in the world's most prolific oil and gas basins.
In contrast to claims by U.S producers to be making progress on the issue, Karryos warned that: In total, emissions from the Permian, Appalachian and Anadarko fossil fuel basins, accounting for a large share of total US onshore production, reached their highest level in three years in Q12022, extending 2021 gains, while signs of rebounding oil and gas field activity suggest even faster emission gains might be on the cards for the remainder of 2022. (our emphasis added)
This not only suggests a lack of progress in reducing methane emissions in the U.S. But also confirms a pattern that we have seen since the beginning of the ongoing fracking boom. That is that as production of oil and gas increases. So do methane emissions.
A report from the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, also published in June, went some way to explaining what may be behind the lack of progress in reducing methane emissions in the U.S. The report which examined science-based approaches to methane monitoring in the oil and gas sector, came to a startling conclusion about some of the top oil and gas producers it surveyed in its study.
In discussing responses it received from questions sent to these companies it noted that: the ten operators provided lean answers and scant evidence of a deliberate effort to mitigate super-emitters. (...) These responses indicate a troubling lack of initiative on the part of the oil and gas sector to proactively implement LDAR (Leak Detection and Repair) practices designed to reduce super-emitting leaks.
Our report today simply adds to over a decade of analysis that finds that methane emissions in the U.S. oil and gas sector are underestimated, rising, and poorly monitored and quantified. But don't take our word for it.
Cheniere's senior director of climate and sustainability, Fiji George, who was the corresponding author in the methodology paper that we found so many flaws in, told Bloomberg News in April that when it came to understanding whether Cheniere's suppliers' emissions were higher or lower than the widely discredited engineering calculations that are commonly used in the industry, "Nobody really knows."
